The 2024 presidential elections and 2025 regional, local and legislative elections present a crucial opportunity for the reinstitutionalization of Venezuela’s democracy and rule of law and for the normalization of its relations with the international community. The current crisis reached critical dimensions after the 2018 presidential election lacked legitimacy in the eyes of national and international stakeholders. The upcoming elections provide an opportunity for a significant change in direction. The international community should demand that Venezuela uphold the right to political participation and free and fair elections.
We, the undersigned civil society organizations, are deeply concerned by recent developments that pose a threat to the legitimacy of the upcoming electoral process.
For decades, the CNE has been heavily packed by pro-government authorities, but it became slightly more balanced in 2021, with the appointment of two members from the opposition. This allowed them to reach an agreement that enabled the entry of the European Union (EU) election observation mission into the country that year. The CNE is responsible for regulating, directing and overseeing the entire electoral process, as well as ensuring compliance with the constitutional principles attributed to the electoral branch of government.
The recent developments have already had tangible consequences. Due to concerns regarding the impartiality and timing of the appointment of a new CNE, the National Commission of Primaries (CNP), a body charged with organizing the opposition’s primary elections, has decided to independently organize the opposition’s primary elections without the technical support of the CNE. These primaries, aimed at selecting a single candidate among the political parties of the opposition, are a crucial civic process.
The United Nations recognizes that “genuine elections are those which reveal and give effect to the freely expressed will of the people”. Therefore, elections must adhere to the rule of law and be free from pressure exerted by the ruling party or other actors. The electoral pathway leading to upcoming elections must not be a mere formality but a genuine process that recognizes political participation encompassing more than the right to vote.
Venezuela has an obligation to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that individuals have an effective opportunity to exercise their rights protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) including the right to take part in the conduct of public affairs through political participation. This right requires genuine conditions and the guarantee of other rights and fundamental freedoms such as the freedom of expression and the right to information, assembly and association. The existence of democracy itself, a system rooted in political participation, is critical for the full protection and guarantee of other human rights.
The international community and other stakeholders should accept nothing less and demand that Venezuela uphold minimum electoral standards to ensure the right to political participation and free and fair elections. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has ruled that the Venezuelan authorities must not use administrative proceedings to disqualify candidates running for office. In that sense, we welcome the public statements issued by the U.S. State Department and the European Union expressing concern about recent decisions that further undermine the possibility of free and fair elections.
Venezuela must comply with its international obligations and guarantee its people the right to political participation. All Venezuelans, whether residing in the country or abroad, have a right to participate in public affairs and exercise their freedom to make peaceful and independent choices regarding the future of their country.
Signatures:
Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA)
Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P)
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (RFKHR)
Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF)
International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
Human Rights Watch (HRW)